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本講議は全て英語で行われ、短期留学生プログラムの "Dynamics of the Earth"と共通で開講する。
<注意>
学部で開講された地球惑星物質科学入門 (Introduction to Earth and Planetary Material Sciences)を受講し、単位認定を受けた者は、単位認定されない。
日本人の地球科学系の学部生にとっては、内容の一部は復習になるであろう。ただし、太陽系進化学、火山学、鉱物学、地球化学などについては他の講義で不足している基礎的な内容が補則されるので聴講を推奨する。
内容の学習にとどまらず、主体的に授業に参加する留学生の積極的な態度から多くを学んで欲しい。他の講義や学会等でも質問をすることに躊躇せず、自分の考えを理論的な述べられるようになるきっかけとなれば幸いである。
また、国際語としての英語の必要性を肌で感じ、英語学習の動機付けもねらっている。
This class is an introductory geology program to understand fundamental issues of Earth Sciences. The basics of Solar system, Volcanology, Mineralogy and Geochemistry will be taught, and each part will introduce recent topics.
本講議は全て英語で行われ、短期留学生プログラムの "Dynamics of the Earth"と共通で開講する。
日本人の地球科学系の学部生にとっては、内容の一部は復習になるであろう。ただし、太陽系進化学、火山学、鉱物学、地球化学などについては他の講義で不足している基礎的な内容が補則されるので聴講を推奨する。
内容の学習にとどまらず、主体的に授業に参加する留学生の積極的な態度から多くを学んで欲しい。他の講義や学会等でも質問をすることに躊躇せず、自分の考えを理論的な述べられるようになるきっかけとなれば幸いである。
また、国際語としての英語の必要性を肌で感じ、英語学習の動機付けもねらっている。
This class is an introductory geology program to understand fundamental issues of Earth Sciences. The basics of Solar system, Volcanology, Mineralogy and Geochemistry will be taught, and each part will introduce recent topics.
鉱物は地球科学分野において，最小構成単位として取り扱われており，各鉱物の様々な性質に関する情報はグローバルな地球だけでなく，地球外惑星を考える上でも必要不可欠である．そうした各種性質は鉱物の原子の配列様式(結晶構造)と密接な関係があり，その鉱物の原子配列を理解するために必要不可欠な結晶学・結晶化学に関する基礎の習得を目的とする．
Minerals are treated as the smallest structural unit in the field of earth science, and information on various properties of each mineral is essential not only for the global earth but also for extraterrestrial planets. These various properties are closely related to the atomic arrangement (crystal structure) of minerals, and the aim is to acquire the basics of crystallography and crystal chemistry, which are indispensable for understanding the atomic arrangement of minerals.
This is a course introducing recent topics in various areas of science including quantum mechanics and quantum technology. Lectures are given by 13 faculty members from all the departments (Mathematics, Physics, Astronomy, Geophysics, Chemistry, and Earth Science) in Graduate School of Science. Each faculty member discusses up-to-date topics in his/her specialty. The lectures are prepared for non-experts and thus this course is an outstanding opportunity to obtain familiarity with areas other than the students' specialties. The class meets every Wednesday, 4:20-5:50 pm.
This is a course introducing recent topics in various areas of science including quantum mechanics and quantum technology. Lectures are given by 13 faculty members from all the departments (Mathematics, Physics, Astronomy, Geophysics, Chemistry, and Earth Science) in Graduate School of Science. Each faculty member discusses up-to-date topics in his/her specialty. The lectures are prepared for non-experts and thus this course is an outstanding opportunity to obtain familiarity with areas other than the students' specialties. The class meets every Wednesday, 4:20-5:50 pm.
地球科学系には、地圏環境科学科，地球惑星物質科学科の２つの学科があり、両学科には全部で13の研究グループが存在する（古環境変動学・進化古生物学、断層・地殻力学、地質・古海洋、地形学・自然地理学、人文地理学、自然災害学、鉱物学、資源・環境地球化学、初期太陽系進化学、量子ビーム地球科学、火山学・地質流体研究、地殻化学、グローバル結晶科学）。毎週、各グループの授業担当者より高校教育で得られなかった地球科学分野の初歩的な知識とその研究分野が到達した最新の研究成果を得ることができる。
The Department of Earth Science consists of two divisions, the Division of GeoEnvronmental Science and the Division of Earth and Planetary Materials Science. These two divisions have a total of 13 research groups (Carbonate Sedimentology, Geochemistry, and Evolutional Paleontology; Fault and Geodynamics; Geology and Paleoceanography; Geomorphology and Physical Geography; Human Geography; Natural Hazard; Mineralogy and Crystallography; Natural Resources and Environmental Geochemistry; Early Solar System Evolution; Quantum-beam Earth Science and Technology; Volcanology and Geofluids; Petrotectonics; Global Crystal Science). Students can learn basic knowledge that cannot be obtained in high school education and the latest research achievement of each group.
1. Stars: birthplace of the elements (nucleosynthesis)
origin of the elements, fusion processes, types of stars, abundances of the elements
2. Meteorites and cosmochemical abundances
behavior of the elements, refractory vs volatile elements, the building blocks, ages of meteorites
3. Planetary accretion, differentiation, solar system
Accretion disks, assembling the Earth, planetary comparisons, Moon formation, core formation,
4. Radiogenic isotopes: Rb‐Sr, Sm‐Nd, Lu‐Hf
Basics of geochronology, model ages, crust-mantle fractionation, mantle recycling, lithophile
systems
5. Radiogenic isotopes: Re‐Os, U‐Pb, Hf-W
Core - mantle fractionation, age of core formation, kappa conundrum, litho-sidero-chalcophile
systems
6. Radiogenic isotopes: extinct isotope systems
26Al, 53Mn, 182W, 142Nd, 129I 244Pu and their very different stories – constraining early Earth
processes
7. Radiogenic isotopes: Noble Gases and Stable isotopes
K/U, K-Ar, He/Ne/Ar, Xe isotopes, the He heat flow paradox; Li – recycling and weathering
8. Radiogenic isotopes: cosmogenic and subterranean production
surface dating, ocean water circulation, groundwater dating, calculating neutron fluxes and novel
applications of these data, radiogenic noble gases production
The composition and differentiation of the Earth: BSE, core, modern mantle and crust
9. The Primitive Mantle (BSE)
what do meteorites say? models for making the Earth, layering in the mantle, heat budget for the
Earth (K, Th & U), geoneutrinos and their constraints
10. The Core
Fe + Ni + light element(?), physical description, CMB & ICB temperatures, radiogenic heat, W & Pb
ages, geodynamo
11. The modern mantle
mantle melting, mantle geotherm, layering the mantle, sources of basalts, its domains: products of
early magma oceans or products of recycled slabs, recent news…
12. The Crust
oceanic vs continental, their masses and ages, growth of the continents, what is and isn’t a
continent, heat production and heat flow, the Moho: a poorly understood boundary, mass balances in
the BSE
1. Stars: birthplace of the elements (nucleosynthesis)
origin of the elements, fusion processes, types of stars, abundances of the elements
2. Meteorites and cosmochemical abundances
behavior of the elements, refractory vs volatile elements, the building blocks, ages of meteorites
3. Planetary accretion, differentiation, solar system
Accretion disks, assembling the Earth, planetary comparisons, Moon formation, core formation,
4. Radiogenic isotopes: Rb‐Sr, Sm‐Nd, Lu‐Hf
Basics of geochronology, model ages, crust-mantle fractionation, mantle recycling, lithophile
systems
5. Radiogenic isotopes: Re‐Os, U‐Pb, Hf-W
Core - mantle fractionation, age of core formation, kappa conundrum, litho-sidero-chalcophile
systems
6. Radiogenic isotopes: extinct isotope systems
26Al, 53Mn, 182W, 142Nd, 129I 244Pu and their very different stories – constraining early Earth
processes
7. Radiogenic isotopes: Noble Gases and Stable isotopes
K/U, K-Ar, He/Ne/Ar, Xe isotopes, the He heat flow paradox; Li – recycling and weathering
8. Radiogenic isotopes: cosmogenic and subterranean production
surface dating, ocean water circulation, groundwater dating, calculating neutron fluxes and novel
applications of these data, radiogenic noble gases production
The composition and differentiation of the Earth: BSE, core, modern mantle and crust
9. The Primitive Mantle (BSE)
what do meteorites say? models for making the Earth, layering in the mantle, heat budget for the
Earth (K, Th & U), geoneutrinos and their constraints
10. The Core
Fe + Ni + light element(?), physical description, CMB & ICB temperatures, radiogenic heat, W & Pb
ages, geodynamo
11. The modern mantle
mantle melting, mantle geotherm, layering the mantle, sources of basalts, its domains: products of
early magma oceans or products of recycled slabs, recent news…
12. The Crust
oceanic vs continental, their masses and ages, growth of the continents, what is and isn’t a
continent, heat production and heat flow, the Moho: a poorly understood boundary, mass balances in
the BSE