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To study the basic knowledge of molecular biology, biochemistry and structural biology and to understand biological phenomena at the molecular level, students will learn the following contents.
1) Structures and chemical properties of nucleic acids
2) Structures and chemical properties of amino acids and proteins
3) Biochemical methods for analyzing DNA sequence, amino acid sequence, protein structures and functions
4) Mechanisms of enzyme catalysis
To study the basic knowledge of molecular biology, biochemistry and structural biology and to understand biological phenomena at the molecular level, students will learn the following contents.
1) Structures and chemical properties of nucleic acids
2) Structures and chemical properties of amino acids and proteins
3) Biochemical methods for analyzing DNA sequence, amino acid sequence, protein structures and functions
4) Mechanisms of enzyme catalysis
Google Classroomのクラスコードは工学部Webページにて確認すること。
学部シラバス・時間割(https://www.eng.tohoku.ac.jp/edu/syllabus-ug.html)
1.目的
バイオテクノロジーは近年著しい進歩を遂げている。この授業ではそれを支える生物化学の基礎、とりわけ、生体構成物質の構造と機能の基礎知識について学ぶ。
2.概要
これまで学んできた有機化学や物理化学の知識を基にして、生体機能発現と密接に関連するアミノ酸やタンパク質の構造、生体触媒としての酵素の構造と機能、およびその反応速度論、補酵素の種類と役割などについて学ぶ。
3.達成目標等
この授業では主に以下のような能力を習得することを達成目標にする。
・複合領域としての生物化学を、生命現象、細胞、水との関係で理解することができる。
・生体機能を司るタンパク質やアミノ酸の構造と機能を理解し、説明することができる。
・生体触媒である酵素の構造と機能を理解し、速度論的な解析をすることができる。
The class code for Google Classroom can be found on the Web site of
the School of Engineering:
https://www.eng.tohoku.ac.jp/edu/syllabus-ug.html (JP Only)
Object and Summary of Class
This course provides students with basic knowledge on biochemistry, in particular structures and functions of biomolecules such as amino acids and proteins.
Goal of Study
The purpose of this course is to help students explain the following biochemistry topics:
· Cell structures and roles of water in biochemical phenomena
· Structures and functions of amino acids, peptides, and proteins
· Structures and functions of enzymes and enzyme kinetics
Objective and Summary of Class:
This class is part of series of organic chemistry classes, including General Organic Chemistry A, C, and D.
This lecture will concersn the following topics:
(1) Basic chemistry of amines and helelocycles
(2) Chemistry of biomolecules
2-1 Carbohydrates
2-2 Aminoacids, Peptides and Proteins
2-3 Lipids
2-4 Nucleic acids
(3) The organic chemistry of metabolic pathway
(4) Pericyclic reactions : electrocyclic reactions, cyclo additions and sigmatropic rearrangements
Objective and Summary of Class:
This class is part of series of organic chemistry classes, including General Organic Chemistry A, C, and D.
This lecture will concersn the following topics:
(1) Basic chemistry of amines and helelocycles
(2) Chemistry of biomolecules
2-1 Carbohydrates
2-2 Aminoacids, Peptides and Proteins
2-3 Lipids
2-4 Nucleic acids
(3) The organic chemistry of metabolic pathway
(4) Pericyclic reactions : electrocyclic reactions, cyclo additions and sigmatropic rearrangements
生命現象は物理や化学の言葉で語ることができることを、20世紀の生命科学の歴史が証明した。生体を構成する物質は多様で複雑であるが、物理や化学の法則に従い秩序をもって生命活動を支えている。本授業では、生物の様々な営みを分子レベルで理解するために、必要な細胞を構成する物質の特性、遺伝子、タンパク質、細胞の情報伝達機構について講義する。さらに、現代の生物化学の可能性と、直面する諸問題について考える。
It has been proved that all biological phenomena can be described by physical and chemical laws. Although the substances constituting living organisms are diverse and complex, they form an order with physical and chemical laws and support life activities. Students will learn about the basic biological molecules including amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, nucleotides and fats. This lecture will also talk about basic molecular mechanisms of intracellular signal transduction, and will discuss the application possibilities of biochemistry and the problems in modern times.
目的:
生物についての基礎知識を細胞・分子レベルで学ぶ。
概要:
生物の構成要素となるタンパク質、糖質、脂質を理解し、どのように関わりあって生命を維持しているのか、メカニズムを理解するとともに、利用を図るための基礎知識を学ぶ。
Object:
This course provides students with basic knowledge on biology.
Summary:
The goal is to understand proteins, carbohydrates and lipids as cellular components, and their functional mechanisms.
近年、分子レベルにおける生命科学の解明がすすみ、様々な化学反応が生命を維持するのに働くことが詳細にわかってきた。これらの化学反応の多くは非常に微小な変化であるが、遺伝子発現や様々なタンパク質間相互作用の制御に重要な働きを持つ。本特別講義では「生命科学における化学反応」に焦点を絞り、生体成分である核酸、蛋白の相互作用や機能を分子レベルで理解することを目的とする。特に、水素結合や疎水相互作用など、弱い相互作用の特徴とその共同効果ならびにエントロピーとエンタルピーの補償則についても詳細に説明する。
In recent years, the understanding of life science at the molecular level has advanced and it has become clear in detail that various chemical reactions work to maintain life. Although many of these chemical reactions only induce changes at the molecular level, they play an important role in controlling gene expression and various protein-protein interactions. In this special lecture, we will focus on "Chemical Reactions in Life Science" and aim to understand the interaction and function of biological components such as nucleic acids and proteins at the molecular level. In particular, the properties and synergetic effects of weak interactions, such as hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, will be explained in detail. The rules of entropy and enthalpy compensation are also described.
生化学2では、タンパク質の構造と機能について学ぶ。タンパク質の性質、構造がタンパク質の機能にどのように関与しているか、そして、生命を維持するための様々な化学反応がタンパク質によりどのように行われているかについて学ぶ。
Biochemistry is a molecular understanding of chemical processes in cells. In this class, students will learn synthesis, folding and function of proteins. By focusing on enzymes, students learn kinetics and regulation of enzymes as well as their underlying molecular mechanisms.
(1) 核酸の構造
(2) DNA:複製,修復,組換え
(3) 転写とRNAプロセシング,翻訳
(4) 遺伝子発現の調節
分子生物学のうち,遺伝情報の貯蔵,伝達,発現の分子機構を論じる.
(1) Nucleic Acid Structures
(2) DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination
(3) Transcription and Translation
(4) Eukaryotic Gene Expression