前期 木曜日 １講時 川北キャンパスＣ３０１. 単位数/Credit(s): 2. 担当教員(所属)/Instructor (Position): 下谷 秀和 所属：理学研究科. 対象学部/Object: 工（11組）. 開講期/Term: ３セメスター. 科目群/Categories: 全学教育科目学術基礎科目-基礎物理学. 履修年度: 2024. 科目ナンバリング/Course Numbering: ZDP-PHY103J. 使用言語/Language Used in Course: 日本語.
各学部の履修内規または学生便覧を参照。
熱力学
Thermodynamics
熱力学は固体，液体，気体を構成する分子，原子，電子等の非常に多くの粒子の集団を扱う方法であり，その応用範囲は化学，物理，工学の多岐の分野にわたる．例えば，気体の性質，化学反応，エネルギー変換，ヒートポンプ，電解液中のイオン，固体中の電子，相転移などである．そこでは，少数の物体を扱う力学では表れない温度やエントロピーなどの概念が登場する．
本講義では，熱と仕事および多数の粒子の集団が持つ重要な性質であるエントロピーの明確な理解と，それらを元にした熱力学の基礎的な概念の習得を目的とする．前述の通り，熱力学の応用は多岐にわたるが，講義内容は基本的な内容に絞り，本講義の学習内容を元に，それぞれの専門分野の教科書で自学自習できるようになることを目指す．
Thermodynamics is a field of study that deals with a very large number of particles such as molecules, atoms, and electrons that consist of solids, liquids, and gases, and has a wide range of applications in chemistry, physics, and engineering. Examples include the properties of gases, chemical reactions, energy conversion, heat pumps, ions in electrolytes, electrons in solids, and phase transitions. Concepts such as temperature and entropy, which do not appear in mechanics that deals with a small number of objects, are introduced.
The object of this class is to provide students with a clear understanding of heat, work, and entropy, which are important properties of a group of many particles, and to master basic concepts of thermodynamics based on these properties. As mentioned above, thermodynamics has a wide range of applications, but the content of the lecture is limited to the basics, and the aim is to enable students to learn by themselves using textbooks in their respective fields of specialization based on what they learn in this lecture.
理想気体や実在気体の温度，圧力，体積，内部エネルギー等の物理量の関係を説明できること．
系の変化の方向を決めるエントロピーの概念を理解し，それを元に温度，自由エネルギー，化学ポテンシャルなどの熱力学の基本的な概念を説明できること．また，ある変化が自発的か否かを判定できるようになり，平衡状態を計算できるようになること．
熱エネルギーと仕事の相互変換を計算できるようになること．
また，学習した概念を用いて実際に熱力学の諸問題を解けるようになること．
To be able to explain the relationships among physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, volume, and internal energy of ideal and real gases.
To understand the concept of entropy, which determines the direction of change in a system, and to be able to explain basic thermodynamic concepts such as temperature, free energy, chemical potential, etc., based on this concept. Also, to be able to determine whether a change is spontaneous or not, and to be able to calculate the equilibrium state of a system.
To be able to calculate the interconversion between thermal energy and work.
Also, to be able to solve various problems of thermodynamics by using the learned concepts.
１．熱力学とは，示量変数と示強変数
２．気体の熱力学的性質，気体分子運動論
３．熱力学第一法則，エンタルピー，熱容量
４．エントロピーと熱力学第二法則
５．エントロピーと温度
６．カノニカル分布と熱力学第三法則
７．演習
８．気体の膨張による仕事１：等温変化
９．気体の膨張による仕事２：断熱変化
１０．熱機関とヒートポンプ
１１．自由エネルギーと化学ポテンシャル
１２．相転移
１３．化学平衡
１４．演習
１５．まとめと試験
1. What is thermodynamics? Extensive and intensive variables
2. Thermodynamic properties of gases, Kinetic theory of gases
3. First law of thermodynamics, Enthalpy, Heat capacity
4. Entropy and the second law of thermodynamics
5. Entropy and temperature
6. Canonical distribution and the third law of thermodynamics
7. Exercises
8. Work by gas expansion 1: Isothermal process
9. Work by gas expansion 1: Adiabatic process
10. Heat engine and heat pump
11. Free energies and chemical potential
12. Phase transition
13. Chemical equilibrium
14. Exercises
15. Summary and Examination
「平常点(30点満点)」+「試験成績(100点満点))×(100 - 平常点)/100」を総合成績とします．
平常点：授業中に行う練習問題とレポートの提出状況で評価します．
試験成績：期末試験で評価します．
The overall grade will be calculated as "Ordinary Score (30 points)" + "Exam Score (100 points)" x (100 - Ordinary Score)/100.
Regular score: Evaluation will be based on the submission of exercises and reports in class.
Examination score: Final examinations will be used for evaluation.
予習：各回の授業ごとに事前にGoogle Classroomにアップロードする資料を一読し，疑問点をまとめておいてください．
復習：授業時間内では演習に十分な時間が取れないので，参考書の例題・演習問題や適当な問題集等で各自補ってください．
Preparation: Please read through the handout that will be uploaded to Google Classroom in advance of each class, and summarize any questions you may have.
Review: Since there is not enough time for exercises in the class, students are expected to supplement their own work with examples and exercises from reference books and other appropriate problem books.
不要
No.