後期集中 その他 その他. 単位数/Credit(s): 2. 担当教員/Instructor: 三井 久幸. 履修年度: 2024. 科目ナンバリング/Course Numbering: BED-BIO602B. 使用言語/Language Used in Course: 日本語または英語/Japanese and English.
先端生態発生適応科学特論Ⅱ/Advanced Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences II (Ecological Dynamics)
生物がなぜ進化してきたのか、その結果として生物群集や生態系がどのように形成され構築されてきたのか、さらに、どのように生物多様性パターンを評価・記述できるのか、遺伝学、ゲノム科学、生理生態学、個体群生態学、群集生態学、およびマクロ生態学の観点から講義するとともに、遺伝子から集団、生態系に到る生態過程を通じた生物の環境応答やその背後にある適応のメカニズムや機能を理解させる。
In this class, students learn through genetics, genomics, physiology, population ecology, community ecology, and macroecology about why organisms have evolved the way they have, the processes that drive the construction of communities and ecosystems at various scales, how to estimate and map biodiversity patterns, how organisms respond to their environments, and the functional mechanisms of adaptation.
生物の生態と進化について主要な基礎理論を概説するとともに関連する先端理論について理解を深める。
Student will understand major basic theories on ecology and evolution and related cutting-edge theories.
1. Population and community dynamics I (Michio Kondoh)
This lecture covers the basic theory of population dynamics. The students will get an understanding of ecological modeling and its applications to dynamics of interacting species.
2. Population and community dynamics II (Michio Kondoh)
This lecture covers the basic theory for many-species community dynamics. The students will be introduced to the inherent “indeterminacy” of interspecific effects. The lecture also covers the complexity-stability debate in community ecology.
3. Estimating biodiversity (Jamie Kass)
This lecture provides a broad introduction to biodiversity: how we measure it, how we interpret it, and how changes of its spatial and temporal patterns can affect people. Students will learn about scales of biodiversity (alpha, beta, gamma), dimensions of biodiversity (taxonomic, phylogenetic, functional, genetic, interaction), connections to ecosystem functions and services, and what essential biodiversity variables are and how they are used.
4. Species distribution models: theory and applications (Jamie Kass)
This lecture focuses on models that make predictions of species' niches and distributions. These models are used frequently in ecology to inform conservation priorities, assess invasive species risk, and estimate the impacts of climate change and human disturbance on species' ranges. Students will learn how niche theory underlies the framework for species distribution modeling, the concepts of environmental and geographic spaces and how they interact, types of algorithms used for modeling, and an overview of the various applications for these models that covers conservation, invasion biology, species interactions, climate change, and biodiversity mapping.
5. Environmental response in photosynthesis (Kouki Hikosaka)
In this lecture, students learn 1) basics of photosynthesis, and 2) general environmental responses of photosynthetic rates and their underlying mechanisms.
6. Remote sensing of photosynthesis (Kouki Hikosaka)
Recently, chlorophyll fluorescence has been reported to detect by satellite observations and expected to used to assess photosynthetic activity of vegetations at a global scale. In this lecture, students learn (1) what is chlorophyll fluorescence, (2) how fluorescence is detected and (3) how photosynthetic activity is assessed from chlorophyll fluorescence.
7. Identification of natural variation related to environmental adaptation (Shusei Sato)
This lecture covers the basis of population genomics. The students will lean the technologies that made this approach feasible, and the concepts, approaches and applications of population genomics in addressing the topics of understanding the genomic basis of environmental adaptation.
8. Molecular response by rhizobia to environmental stress (Hisayuki Mitsui)
In this lecture, students learn several aspects of adaptation to stressful environments by model bacteria (such as E. coli) and specific plant-associated bacteria (such as rhizobia). The lecture particularly focuses on molecular mechanisms for maintenance of protein homeostasis in heat stress.
9. Ecology in space and time (Hiromi Uno)
This lecture covers how spatial structures and temporal dynamics influence ecological dynamics. Students will be introduced to how spatial and/or temporal heterogeneity influence species interactions, community dynamics, and ecosystem processes etc.
10. Watershed Ecology (Hiromi Uno)
This lecture introduce students to the basics of the watershed ecology; how forest, stream, and ocean ecosystems are linked to each other through flow of materials and animals.
出席とレポートによって評価する
Course attendance and reports
テキストとして関連プリントを配布する。
Printed version of slides are given.
（参考書・参考資料等）
進化（分子・個体・生態系）メディカルサイエンスインターナショナル
Micheal Lynch 著「The origins of genome architecture」他、授業で紹介する
15時間の授業時間外学修（復習）が必要。
Fifteen hours of review is required outside of class.
講義ごとに「教室での対面講義」、「講義のライブ配信」、「講義動画のオンデマンド配信」のどれかを採用して実施する。
Each class will be given on site in the lecture room, or online as a live class and/or an on-demand accessible recorded movie.